Murashige and Skoog medium

Hello everyone ,
Today I will be talking about MS media call as Murashige and Skoog medium 

Murashige and Skoog medium (or MSO or MS0 (MS-zero)) - a plant growth medium used in the laboratories for cultivation of plant cell culture. Murashige & Skoog medium is a defined medium which consists of inorganic salts, vitamins and carbohydrate. 

 Invented by -  plant scientists Toshio Murashige and Folke K. Skoog  (1962 )  University of Wisconsin, USA during Murashige's search for a new plant growth regulator.

Originated from - White’s medium and originally developed for the cultivation of Nicotiana tabacum calli (tobacco plant) . Compared to White medium, the concentration of all ingredients is increased.

Use - used as Tissue culture media

MEDIA COMPOSITION

• Macronutrients-  nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) for satisfactory growth and morphogenesis. Culture media should contain at least 25-60 mM of inorganic nitrogen for satisfactory plant cell growth. Potassium is required for cell growth of most plant species.

• Micronutrients-iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), boron (B), copper (Cu) and molybdenum (Mo). Iron is usually the most critical of all the micro nutrients.

• Carbon and energy sources- sucrose, lactose, galactose, maltose and starch. sugar cane molasses, banana extract and coconut water to basal media can be a good alternative for reducing medium costs.

•  Undefined organic supplements- supplemented with natural substances or extracts such as protein hydrolysates, coconut milk, yeast extract, malt extract, ground banana, orange juice and tomato juice, to test their effect on growth enhancement.

• Vitamins and myo-inositol- thiamin (B1), nicotinic acid and pyridoxine (B6). Thiamin is necessarily required by all cells for growth [11]. Thiamin is used at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 10 mg. biotin, folic acid, ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, tocopherol (vitamin E), riboflavin, p-amino-benzoic acid are used in some cell culture media.

• Amino acids-Amino acids provide plant cells with a source of nitrogen that is easily assimilated by tissues and cells faster than inorganic nitrogen sources. Amino acid mixtures such as casein hydrolysate, L-glutamine, Lasparagine and adenine are frequently used as sources of organic nitrogen in culture media.

• Solidifying agents- gelling agents such as agar, agarose and gellan gum

• Growth regulators- auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins and abscisic acid

•  Number behind the letters MS -  used to indicate the sucrose concentration of the medium. For example MS0 contains no sucrose and MS20 contains 20 g/l sucrose. Along with its modifications, it is the most commonly used medium in plant tissue culture experiments in laboratorium.

Advantage - Compatible with many tissues 
                    - can be used as liquid or semisolid state 

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-Dixy